Giant cell tumor

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare, aggressive, non-cancerous tumor that generally occurs near the end of the bones, close to a joint. The knee is the most common site, but it can also occur in the arms, legs, spine, and pelvis. GCTs are characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells.

Symptoms

The symptoms of GCT can vary depending on the location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Pain in the affected area
• Swelling or a lump in the affected area
• Limited range of motion in the affected joint
• Bone fractures

Causes

The exact cause of GCT is unknown. It is not associated with any known risk factors or genetic mutations.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of GCT typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and a biopsy to examine the cells under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment options for GCT include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy with drugs such as denosumab.

Prognosis

The prognosis for GCT is generally good, with a high rate of local recurrence but a low rate of metastasis.

See also

• Bone tumor
• Osteosarcoma
• Chondrosarcoma
• Ewing's sarcoma

References

Giant cell tumor Resources
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