Gibbus

Gibbus is a medical term used to describe a pronounced, angular deformity of the spine, often resulting from the collapse of one or more vertebral bodies. This condition leads to a hump-like appearance in the back, which is particularly noticeable when viewed from the side. Gibbus deformity is commonly associated with various diseases and conditions that affect the structural integrity of the vertebrae, including tuberculosis (Pott's disease), osteoporosis, spinal tumors, and certain congenital spinal anomalies.

Causes

Gibbus deformity can be caused by a variety of factors, each leading to the structural collapse or malformation of the spinal vertebrae. Some of the most common causes include:

• Tuberculosis (Pott's disease): An infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects the spine, leading to the destruction of vertebral bodies.
• Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weakened bones, which can lead to fractures and deformities of the vertebrae.
• Spinal Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can cause weakening and eventual collapse of the spinal vertebrae.
• Congenital Spinal Anomalies: Certain birth defects can result in abnormal spinal curvature or vertebral formation, leading to a gibbus deformity.
• Trauma: Severe spinal injuries can cause fractures and dislocations, contributing to the development of a gibbus.

Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of a gibbus deformity is the visible hump on the back. However, depending on the underlying cause, individuals may also experience:

• Back pain
• Reduced flexibility in the spine
• Neurological symptoms due to spinal cord compression, such as numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the limbs

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a gibbus deformity typically involves a physical examination and imaging studies. X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans can provide detailed images of the spine, helping to identify the extent of the deformity and the underlying cause.

Treatment

Treatment for gibbus deformity varies depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Options may include:

• Medication: To treat pain or underlying conditions such as tuberculosis.
• Physical Therapy: To strengthen the muscles around the spine and improve posture.
• Bracing: To support the spine and prevent further collapse of the vertebrae.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the deformity and stabilize the spine.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a gibbus deformity depends on the underlying cause and the timeliness of treatment. Early intervention can often prevent further progression of the deformity and alleviate symptoms.