Gill slit

Gill cleft is a term used in anatomy and embryology to describe the slits that form in the pharynx of a developing vertebrate embryo. These clefts, also known as pharyngeal clefts or branchial clefts, play a crucial role in the development of the respiratory system and other structures in the head and neck region.

Development

During the embryonic development of vertebrates, the gill clefts form as part of the pharyngeal arches, a series of outgrowths that appear on the lateral sides of the pharynx. Each pharyngeal arch consists of a core of mesoderm and neural crest cells, covered by a layer of ectoderm on the outside and endoderm on the inside. The spaces between the arches, which are open to the outside, are the gill clefts.

In fish and some amphibians, the gill clefts persist and develop into functional gills, which are used for respiration and excretion. In these animals, water flows in through the mouth, passes over the gills, and exits through the gill clefts.

In mammals, birds, and reptiles, the gill clefts do not develop into gills. Instead, they give rise to various structures in the head and neck region. For example, the first gill cleft in mammals becomes the external auditory meatus, the opening of the ear canal.

Clinical significance

Abnormal development of the gill clefts can lead to a variety of congenital disorders, including branchial cleft cysts, branchial cleft fistulas, and branchial cleft sinuses. These conditions can cause symptoms such as swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and recurrent infections.

See also

• Pharyngeal arch
• Respiratory system
• Embryology
• Congenital disorders