Glioblast

Glioblastoma (also known as GBM, glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV astrocytoma) is a highly malignant and aggressive type of brain tumor that originates from astrocytes, the star-shaped cells that make up the supportive tissue of the brain. Glioblastoma is the most common grade IV brain tumor.

Micrograph of a glioblastoma. Source: Wikimedia Commons

Symptoms

The symptoms of glioblastoma are variable and depend on the tumor's location and size. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, and seizures. More specific neurological problems may also occur, such as weakness on one side of the body, memory and speech difficulties, and personality changes.

Causes

The exact cause of glioblastoma is unknown. However, it is believed to result from a series of genetic mutations. Risk factors include exposure to ionizing radiation and having certain genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis and Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of glioblastoma typically involves a neurological examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan, and a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's grade.

Treatment

Treatment for glioblastoma is challenging due to the tumor's resistance to conventional therapies. The standard treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis for glioblastoma is generally poor, with a median survival time of 15 months.

Research

Research into new treatments for glioblastoma is ongoing. Areas of focus include immunotherapy, gene therapy, and nanotechnology.

See also

• Brain tumor
• Astrocytoma
• Neuro-oncology