Glucagon receptor

Glucagon receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCGR gene. It is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family of proteins, which play a crucial role in cell signaling and are involved in a wide range of physiological processes.

Function[edit | edit source]

The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa protein that is activated by glucagon, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Upon activation, the receptor stimulates adenylate cyclase to increase levels of cyclic AMP, leading to increased glucose production by the liver. This process is a key component of the body's response to low blood sugar levels.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The glucagon receptor is a seven-transmembrane domain protein, typical of G protein-coupled receptors. The extracellular domain binds glucagon, while the intracellular domain interacts with G proteins to transmit the signal into the cell.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Mutations in the GCGR gene can lead to conditions such as hyperglucagonemia and glucagonoma, both of which are characterized by elevated levels of glucagon. In addition, the glucagon receptor is a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, as blocking its activity could reduce glucose production and thus lower blood sugar levels.