Glucose metabolism

Glucose metabolism refers to the process by which the body breaks down sugar and converts it into energy. This process is essential for all life forms, as it provides the energy needed for cellular functions.

Overview

Glucose metabolism involves several complex biochemical reactions. The process begins with the ingestion of carbohydrates, which are broken down into glucose in the digestive system. The glucose is then absorbed into the bloodstream, where it is transported to the cells.

In the cells, glucose undergoes a process called glycolysis, which breaks it down into a molecule called pyruvate. This molecule is then further broken down in the mitochondria, producing ATP, the body's main energy source.

Regulation

The regulation of glucose metabolism is primarily controlled by two hormones: insulin and glucagon. Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high, promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in the cells. Glucagon, on the other hand, is released when blood glucose levels are low, stimulating the release of stored glucose from the liver.

Disorders

Disorders of glucose metabolism, such as diabetes, can lead to serious health problems. In diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively, leading to high blood glucose levels. This can damage the blood vessels and organs, leading to complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage.

Treatment

Treatment for disorders of glucose metabolism typically involves lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, and medication to control blood glucose levels. In some cases, insulin injections may be necessary.

See also

• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Insulin resistance
• Metabolic syndrome

Glucose metabolism Resources
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