Glycogen storage disease type 13

Alternate names

GSD13; Glycogen storage disease 13; Enolase-beta deficiency; Enolase 3 deficiency

Definition

Glycogen storage disease type 13 (GSD13), also known as β-enolase deficiency, is an inherited disease of the muscles. The muscles of an affected individual are not able to produce enough energy to function properly, causing muscle weakness and pain.

Cause

Glycogen storage disease type 13 (GSD13) is caused by changes (mutations) in the ENO3 gene. Glycogen is a substance that is stored in muscle tissue and is used as an important source of energy for the muscles during movement and exercise. The ENO3 gene makes a chemical called enolase, which is an enzyme that helps the muscles use glycogen for energy.

Gene mutations

In GSD13, the ENO3 genes do not work properly such that the body cannot make enolase, and as a result, the muscles do not have enough energy to work properly.

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive inheritance, a 25% chance

It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

Signs and symptoms

• Glycogen storage disease type 13 causes muscle pain (myalgia).
• Individuals with GSD13 also experience exercise intolerance, which means they have difficulty exercising because they may have muscle weakness and tire easily.

Diagnosis

• Glycogen storage disease type 13 is diagnosed by taking a sample of muscle tissue (muscle biopsy) to determine if there is enough of the chemical enolase working in the muscle cells.
• Genetic testing can also be done to look for changes (mutations) in the ENO3 gene.

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Glycogen storage disease type 13

Glycogen storage disease type 13 is a rare disease.

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