Goblet Cells

Specialized epithelial cells in the respiratory and intestinal tracts

Goblet cell

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Diagram of a goblet cell
Latin	cellula caliciformis
System	Respiratory and Digestive

Goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells found in the respiratory tract and the intestinal tract. They are named for their distinctive goblet-like shape, which is due to the accumulation of mucus granules in the apical portion of the cell. Goblet cells play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the epithelial lining by secreting mucus, which acts as a protective barrier and lubricant.

Structure

Goblet cells are unicellular glands that are interspersed among the columnar epithelial cells of the mucous membrane. They are characterized by their narrow base and expanded apical portion, which gives them a goblet-like appearance. The apical portion of the cell is filled with mucinogen granules, which are precursors to mucus.

Function

The primary function of goblet cells is the secretion of mucus. Mucus is a viscous fluid composed mainly of glycoproteins called mucins, along with water, electrolytes, and various antimicrobial molecules. In the respiratory tract, mucus traps inhaled particles and pathogens, preventing them from reaching the lower airways. In the intestinal tract, mucus protects the epithelial lining from digestive enzymes and facilitates the passage of food.

Location

Goblet cells are predominantly found in the:

• Trachea and bronchi of the respiratory tract
• Small intestine and large intestine of the digestive tract

Clinical significance

Goblet cell dysfunction can lead to various diseases. In conditions such as cystic fibrosis, the mucus becomes thick and sticky, leading to blockages and infections. In inflammatory bowel disease, goblet cell numbers may be reduced, compromising the protective mucus layer.

Also see

• Epithelial tissue
• Mucus
• Cystic fibrosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease