Great helm

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Great Helm

The Great Helm or Heaume, also known as the Pot Helm, Cylinder Helm and Crusader Helm, was a type of medieval helmet used by knights and other combatants during the late 12th to 14th centuries. Its primary purpose was to provide superior protection during battle, particularly in the context of the Crusades, where it became emblematic of the knighthood. The design of the Great Helm evolved from earlier helmets such as the Nasal helm, offering more comprehensive coverage by enclosing the head in steel, with only narrow slits for the eyes and a small ventail for breathing.

Design and Evolution

The Great Helm was typically constructed from sheets of steel, riveted together to form a cylindrical or slightly conical shape that extended down to cover the top of the shoulders. The front of the helm often featured a flat or protruding faceplate, with narrow eye slits and a ventail for ventilation. Over time, the design was refined to improve visibility and breathing, leading to variations such as the addition of a movable visor in the later versions known as the Bascinet.

The evolution of the Great Helm reflects the advancements in medieval warfare and armour technology. Initially, the helm was worn over a smaller, tighter-fitting metal cap known as a coif, or over a padded coif for additional shock absorption. By the 13th century, the Great Helm had become more voluminous, allowing for improved ventilation and the possibility of wearing a smaller helmet underneath for increased protection.

Usage

The Great Helm was predominantly used by knights and heavy cavalry during the Crusades and in tournaments. Its design was particularly suited to the mounted charge, where its weight and bulk were less of a hindrance and its extensive coverage could protect against lance blows to the head. However, the helm's weight and the limited peripheral vision and airflow it provided made it less practical for infantry or for prolonged combat on foot.

Cultural Significance

The Great Helm became a symbol of the medieval knight, featuring prominently in heraldry, effigies, and medieval art. Its iconic shape is often associated with the ideals of chivalry and the romanticized image of the Crusading knight. Despite its practical limitations, the Great Helm remains one of the most recognizable pieces of medieval military equipment, embodying the era's approach to warfare and personal protection.

Decline and Legacy

By the late 14th century, the Great Helm was gradually replaced by helmets that offered better visibility and mobility, such as the Bascinet. However, it continued to be used in tournaments into the 15th century, where its imposing appearance and extensive coverage were advantageous.

The Great Helm has left a lasting legacy in both historical and popular culture, symbolizing the medieval knight. It is a subject of interest for historians, reenactors, and collectors, and continues to inspire representations of knights in literature, film, and other media.