Growth hormone receptor

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a protein that is found on the surface of cells in the body. It is responsible for binding growth hormone (GH), which triggers a series of reactions within the cell that lead to growth and development.

Structure

The GHR is a transmembrane receptor, meaning it spans the entire width of the cell membrane. It is composed of two identical halves, each of which has an extracellular domain (the part of the receptor that is outside the cell), a transmembrane domain (the part that spans the cell membrane), and an intracellular domain (the part that is inside the cell). The extracellular domain is responsible for binding GH, while the intracellular domain is responsible for transmitting the signal from GH to the inside of the cell.

Function

When GH binds to the GHR, it causes the receptor to change shape. This change in shape triggers a series of reactions inside the cell, known as a signal transduction pathway. This pathway leads to the activation of various genes that are involved in growth and development. In particular, the GHR is known to activate the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene, which produces a hormone that promotes growth.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the GHR can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, a lack of functional GHRs can cause Laron syndrome, a rare form of short stature. On the other hand, overactive GHRs can lead to gigantism or acromegaly, conditions characterized by excessive growth.

Research

Research into the GHR is ongoing, with scientists seeking to better understand its structure, function, and role in disease. This research could potentially lead to new treatments for conditions related to growth and development.

See also

• Growth hormone
• Insulin-like growth factor 1
• Laron syndrome
• Gigantism
• Acromegaly