Gumboot chiton

Cryptochiton_stelleri

Species of mollusc

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Gumboot chiton
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Polyplacophora
Order:	Neoloricata
Family:	Cryptochitonidae

The gumboot chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) is a species of chiton, a type of marine mollusc in the class Polyplacophora. It is the largest chiton in the world, reaching lengths of up to 36 cm (14 in). The gumboot chiton is notable for its reddish-brown, leathery girdle that covers its eight calcareous plates, giving it a boot-like appearance.

Description

The gumboot chiton has a distinctive appearance due to its large size and the girdle that completely covers its plates. The girdle is tough and leathery, providing protection from predators and environmental conditions. The plates themselves are usually hidden beneath the girdle, which is unusual among chitons. The underside of the gumboot chiton is orange or yellow, and it has a large, muscular foot that it uses to cling to rocks in the intertidal zone.

Habitat

Gumboot chitons are found in the intertidal zone and subtidal zones along the Pacific Ocean coasts of North America, from Alaska to California. They prefer rocky shorelines where they can use their strong foot to adhere to surfaces and graze on algae.

Diet

The gumboot chiton is a herbivore, primarily feeding on various types of algae. It uses its radula, a specialized feeding organ, to scrape algae off rocks. The radula is equipped with rows of tiny, hard teeth that are effective at removing algae from hard surfaces.

Reproduction

Gumboot chitons have separate sexes, and fertilization occurs externally. During the breeding season, males release sperm into the water, which is then taken up by females to fertilize their eggs. The eggs develop into free-swimming larvae, which eventually settle onto the substrate and metamorphose into juvenile chitons.

Predators and Defense

Predators of the gumboot chiton include sea stars, crabs, and some species of fish. The chiton's primary defense mechanism is its tough, leathery girdle, which is difficult for many predators to penetrate. Additionally, its ability to cling tightly to rocks makes it hard for predators to dislodge it.

Human Interaction

While not commonly consumed, gumboot chitons are sometimes harvested by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest for food. They are also of interest to scientists studying the unique adaptations and evolutionary history of chitons.

Conservation

Currently, there are no major conservation concerns for the gumboot chiton. However, like many marine species, they could be affected by changes in their environment, such as pollution and climate change.

See also

• Chiton
• Polyplacophora
• Mollusca
• Intertidal zone