HLA-Cw 13
HLA-Cw 13[edit | edit source]
HLA-Cw 13 is a specific allele of the HLA-C gene, which is part of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The HLA system is a crucial component of the immune system, responsible for the regulation of the immune response in humans. HLA-Cw 13 is one of the many alleles that can be found at the HLA-C locus on chromosome 6.
Structure and Function[edit | edit source]
HLA-Cw 13, like other HLA-C alleles, encodes a protein that is expressed on the surface of most nucleated cells. This protein is a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, which presents endogenous peptides to cytotoxic T cells. The primary role of HLA-Cw 13 is to present peptide antigens to the immune system, allowing for the recognition and destruction of infected or malignant cells.
The structure of HLA-Cw 13 includes a heavy chain that is non-covalently associated with beta-2 microglobulin. The heavy chain is encoded by the HLA-C gene and consists of three extracellular domains (α1, α2, and α3), a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail.
Genetic Variation[edit | edit source]
HLA-Cw 13 is one of many alleles at the HLA-C locus, which is highly polymorphic. This genetic diversity is important for the adaptability of the immune system, allowing it to recognize a wide array of pathogens. The specific sequence of HLA-Cw 13 can vary slightly between individuals, which can influence the binding affinity for different peptides and the subsequent immune response.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
The presence of HLA-Cw 13 has been studied in relation to various diseases and conditions. Certain HLA-C alleles, including HLA-Cw 13, have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplant rejection.
For example, specific HLA-C alleles have been linked to the progression of HIV infection, where certain alleles may confer a slower progression to AIDS. Additionally, HLA-Cw 13 may play a role in the development of psoriasis, an autoimmune skin condition.
Population Distribution[edit | edit source]
The frequency of HLA-Cw 13 varies among different populations. Studies have shown that certain alleles are more prevalent in specific ethnic groups, which can have implications for disease prevalence and treatment strategies.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- HLA-C
- Human leukocyte antigen
- Major histocompatibility complex
- Autoimmune disease
- Transplant rejection
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