Haemal arch

H2 receptor is a type of protein that belongs to the larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. This receptor is known to bind with histamine, a compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.

Function

The primary role of the H2 receptor is to stimulate gastric acid secretion. It does this by activating adenylate cyclase, which in turn increases levels of cyclic AMP. This leads to the activation of protein kinase A, which stimulates the release of gastric acid by parietal cells in the stomach lining.

H2 receptors are also found in the heart, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, and mast cells. In these locations, they mediate vasodilation, smooth muscle relaxation, and inhibit the release of prostaglandin and leukotriene, respectively.

Clinical significance

H2 receptors play a significant role in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Drugs that block H2 receptors, known as H2 receptor antagonists, are commonly used to treat these conditions. These drugs work by reducing the production of stomach acid, which can help to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.

In addition to their use in gastrointestinal disorders, H2 receptor antagonists have also been investigated for their potential use in the treatment of allergic reactions, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer.

See also

• H1 receptor
• H3 receptor
• H4 receptor
• Histamine
• G protein-coupled receptor

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