Haenyeo

Haenyeo (also known as Jeju diving women) are female divers in the Korean province of Jeju Island. They are known for their tradition of free-diving without the use of oxygen tanks, and have been recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

History

The tradition of the Haenyeo dates back to 434 A.D., during the Goryeo Dynasty. Initially, male divers, known as Haenam, were more common, but by the 18th century, women divers outnumbered the men. This shift is believed to have occurred due to the high death rate among male divers and the tax benefits for female divers.

Culture

The Haenyeo culture is deeply rooted in the community of Jeju Island. The divers are known for their strong sense of community and mutual support. They follow a strict hierarchy based on age and diving experience, with the eldest divers receiving the highest respect.

Diving

Haenyeo divers can dive up to 20 meters deep and hold their breath for over two minutes. They primarily harvest seafood such as abalone, sea urchin, octopus, and seaweed. The divers use a round flotation device called a tteu and a basket to collect their harvest.

Challenges

The Haenyeo tradition faces several challenges. The number of active divers has been decreasing due to the dangerous nature of the work and the younger generation's preference for less physically demanding jobs. Climate change and pollution also threaten the marine life that the Haenyeo depend on for their livelihood.

Recognition

In 2016, the Haenyeo were inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This recognition has helped to raise awareness of the Haenyeo's unique culture and the challenges they face.

See also

• Culture of Korea
• History of Korea
• Jeju Island
• UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists