Handspring (gymnastics)

Front handspring

Handspring (gymnastics) is a fundamental skill in gymnastics that involves a gymnast springing from their hands after a forward or backward rotational movement. This skill is pivotal in various gymnastics disciplines, including artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, and tumbling. The handspring can be performed on multiple apparatuses such as the vault, floor exercise, and even on the balance beam in more advanced routines.

Execution

The execution of a handspring varies slightly depending on the direction (forward or backward) and the apparatus. However, the basic mechanics involve a gymnast taking a running start (in the case of vault and floor) or a strong push from a stand (on beam), jumping into the air, placing their hands on the ground or apparatus, and pushing off with their hands to rotate their body and land back on their feet.

Forward Handspring

In a forward handspring, the gymnast starts with a forward run, performs a hurdle (a leap off one foot designed to gain momentum), places their hands on the floor or vaulting table, and kicks their legs over their body. The gymnast must maintain a tight body position, with hands and arms strong to support the body's rotation. The skill concludes with the gymnast landing on their feet, ideally with minimal momentum to ensure stability upon landing.

Backward Handspring

The backward handspring, often a critical skill in many tumbling passes on floor and beam routines, starts from a standing position. The gymnast bends their knees, swings their arms backward to gain momentum, and then pushes off the ground with their feet while simultaneously throwing their arms overhead to place their hands on the floor behind them. The legs then follow over the body in a tight arch position, and the gymnast pushes off the floor with their hands to land back on their feet.

Technique and Training

Proper technique is crucial in performing a handspring safely and effectively. This includes developing strong muscular and flexible attributes, particularly in the arms, shoulders, back, and legs. Gymnasts also work extensively on their timing and coordination, as the handspring requires precise execution of each phase of the skill.

Training for handsprings often begins with basic exercises to build strength and flexibility, progressing to practicing the skill with the assistance of a coach or using training aids such as inclined mats or springboards. Mastery of the handspring is essential before attempting more advanced skills that use the handspring as a foundational element, such as the handspring front or back somersault.

Safety

Safety in performing handsprings cannot be overstated. Gymnasts are taught to execute these skills under the guidance of experienced coaches and with appropriate safety equipment, such as mats and spotting belts. Proper warm-up and conditioning are also emphasized to prevent injuries.

In Competition

Handsprings are a staple element in gymnastics competitions. In vaulting, the handspring vault is a basic skill where the gymnast performs a handspring onto the vaulting table and off it to land on their feet. This skill serves as a foundation for more complex vaults that include twists and somersaults. On the floor and beam, handsprings are often incorporated into tumbling passes and acrobatic series, contributing to the routine's overall difficulty and artistic impression.