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Hard Capsule

A hard capsule is a solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed in a hard shell. This shell is typically made from gelatin, but can also be made from other materials such as hypromellose, a type of plant-based polymer. Hard capsules are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for the oral administration of medicines.

History

The concept of using capsules for medicine delivery dates back to the 19th century. The first patent for a medicinal capsule was granted to James Murdock in 1847. The development of hard capsules was a significant advancement in the field of pharmacy, as it allowed for the precise dosing of drugs and improved patient compliance.

Composition

The primary component of hard capsules is gelatin, derived from the collagen of animal skin or bone. Gelatin provides the necessary mechanical strength and flexibility for the capsule shell. Other ingredients may include water, colorants, and sometimes opacifying agents to make the capsule opaque.

In recent years, there has been a shift towards using plant-based polymers such as hypromellose and pullulan, particularly for patients who are vegetarian or have dietary restrictions.

Manufacturing

The manufacturing process of hard capsules involves the dipping of steel pins into a gelatin solution. The pins are then rotated and heated to allow the gelatin to dry and form the capsule shape. The capsules are then trimmed, washed, and dried before they are filled with the drug substance.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Hard capsules offer several advantages over other dosage forms. They allow for the precise dosing of drugs, can mask unpleasant tastes and odors, and can be designed to release the drug at specific sites in the digestive tract.

However, they also have some disadvantages. They are more expensive to produce than tablets, and some patients may find them difficult to swallow. Additionally, they are not suitable for drugs that are very soluble in water, as these can dissolve the capsule shell.

See Also

• Soft Capsule
• Tablet (pharmacy)
• Drug delivery