Harriet Tubman

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Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c. March 1822 – March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the movement for women's suffrage.

Early Life

Harriet Tubman was born Araminta "Minty" Ross to enslaved parents, Harriet "Rit" Green and Ben Ross. Her exact birthdate is unknown, but it is estimated to be around March 1822. Tubman was born in Dorchester County, Maryland. As a child, she was subjected to the harsh conditions of slavery, including physical violence and hard labor.

Escape from Slavery

In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, but she returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Over time, she guided dozens of enslaved people to freedom, earning her the nickname "Moses." Tubman utilized the Underground Railroad, a secret network of safe houses and abolitionists.

Civil War Service

During the American Civil War, Tubman worked for the Union Army as a cook, nurse, and eventually as an armed scout and spy. She was the first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, guiding the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 enslaved people.

Later Life and Activism

After the war, Tubman settled in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She became active in the women's suffrage movement, working alongside prominent suffragists such as Susan B. Anthony and Emily Howland. Tubman also established the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, which provided care for elderly African Americans.

Death and Legacy

Harriet Tubman died of pneumonia on March 10, 1913, in Auburn, New York. She was buried with military honors at Fort Hill Cemetery. Tubman's legacy as a fearless abolitionist and advocate for human rights continues to inspire generations.

Related Pages

• Underground Railroad
• American Civil War
• Abolitionism in the United States
• Women's suffrage in the United States
• John Brown (abolitionist)
• Susan B. Anthony