Head circumference

Head circumference is a measurement of the distance around the largest area of the head. It is a standard measurement taken during pediatric health assessments to monitor the growth and development of a child.

Measurement

Head circumference is measured in centimeters (cm) using a non-stretchable measuring tape. The tape is wrapped around the head, above the eyebrows and ears, and around the back of the head at the largest point. The measurement is taken three times and the average is recorded to ensure accuracy.

Significance

Head circumference is an important indicator of brain growth and development in children. It is used to identify potential neurological problems, genetic disorders, and developmental delays. A head circumference that is larger or smaller than the average for a child's age and sex may indicate a medical condition that requires further investigation.

Normal Values

Normal values for head circumference depend on the age and sex of the child. The World Health Organization provides growth charts that include average head circumferences for boys and girls from birth to 5 years of age.

Abnormal Values

Abnormal head circumference measurements can be a sign of various medical conditions. A larger than average head circumference could indicate hydrocephalus, a condition where there is an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. A smaller than average head circumference could indicate microcephaly, a condition where the brain does not develop properly resulting in a smaller than normal head size.

See Also

• Growth chart
• Pediatric assessment
• Neurological examination

Head circumference Resources
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