Helmet flower

Helmet cells, also known as schistocytes, are fragmented red blood cells that appear in certain pathological conditions. They are named for their distinctive shape, which resembles a helmet.

Formation

Helmet cells are formed as a result of mechanical damage to red blood cells. This can occur in a variety of conditions, including microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The damage is caused by the shear stress that the red blood cells undergo as they pass through small blood vessels or through artificial heart valves.

Clinical significance

The presence of helmet cells in a blood sample is a significant finding. It indicates that there is a process causing mechanical damage to the red blood cells. This can be a sign of a serious underlying condition, such as those mentioned above. Therefore, if helmet cells are detected, further investigation is usually warranted to identify the cause.

Detection

Helmet cells can be detected by examining a blood smear under a microscope. They are identified by their distinctive shape. However, they can be difficult to distinguish from other types of fragmented red blood cells, such as bite cells and blister cells. Therefore, the identification of helmet cells should be confirmed by a laboratory professional.

Treatment

The treatment of conditions that cause the formation of helmet cells is usually aimed at the underlying cause. For example, in the case of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, treatment may involve the use of drugs to inhibit the coagulation process. In the case of disseminated intravascular coagulation, treatment may involve the replacement of clotting factors.