Hepatocyte

Hepatocyte

The hepatocyte is the primary cell type in the liver and is responsible for the organ's many functions. Hepatocytes make up 70-85% of the liver's mass and perform more functions than any other group of cells in the body.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Hepatocytes are polygonal in shape and have a diameter of 20-30 micrometers. Each cell has a large, round nucleus and one or more nucleoli. The cytoplasm of a hepatocyte is abundant and eosinophilic. It contains many organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

Function[edit | edit source]

Hepatocytes perform a wide range of functions, including:

Protein synthesis
Protein storage
Transformation of carbohydrates
Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts, and phospholipids
Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances
Initiation of formation and secretion of bile

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Hepatocytes are involved in many diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. They can regenerate in response to injury, but their capacity for regeneration is not unlimited. Chronic damage to hepatocytes, as occurs in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, can lead to irreversible damage and liver failure.

References[edit | edit source]

Hepatocyte Resources
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