Herpes of the eye

Herpes of the eye, also known as Ocular Herpes, is a viral infection caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). This condition can affect various parts of the eye, including the cornea, iris, and retina, leading to a range of symptoms from mild discomfort to severe vision impairment. Ocular Herpes is categorized into two types based on the causative virus: HSV-1, commonly associated with cold sores, and HSV-2, typically linked to genital herpes. However, HSV-1 is the more prevalent cause of herpes of the eye.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ocular herpes can vary widely depending on the specific area of the eye affected. Common signs include:

• Eye redness
• Pain in the eye
• Blurred vision
• Watery discharge
• Sensitivity to light (Photophobia)
• The feeling of something being in the eye

In more severe cases, ocular herpes can lead to corneal ulceration, which significantly impairs vision and can result in blindness if left untreated.

Causes

Ocular herpes is primarily caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Once an individual is infected with HSV, the virus remains in the body, residing in a dormant state within nerve cells. Factors such as stress, illness, or sun exposure can trigger the reactivation of the virus, leading to an outbreak.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ocular herpes involves a thorough examination by an eye care professional. Tests may include:

• Visual acuity test
• Examination of the eye using a slit lamp
• Corneal staining with special dyes
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests to detect viral DNA

Treatment

Treatment for ocular herpes focuses on antiviral medications to reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks. These may include:

• Antiviral eye drops
• Oral antiviral medications
• In severe cases, intravenous antiviral drugs

Preventive measures, such as wearing sunglasses to protect the eyes from UV light and avoiding direct contact with cold sores, can help reduce the risk of ocular herpes outbreaks.

Complications

If not properly treated, ocular herpes can lead to serious complications, including:

• Corneal scarring
• Glaucoma
• Secondary bacterial infections
• Vision loss

Prevention

Preventive strategies for ocular herpes involve avoiding exposure to the virus and managing triggers that may reactivate the virus. This includes:

• Avoiding sharing personal items like towels or eye makeup
• Managing stress
• Protecting the eyes from excessive sunlight exposure

See Also

• Herpes Simplex Virus
• Corneal ulcer
• Viral infections of the eye