Hippocampal

Hippocampal is a term that refers to the hippocampus, a major component of the brain in humans and other vertebrates. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation.

Anatomy

The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus.

Ammon's Horn

Ammon's horn, also known as the cornu ammonis, is a major component of the hippocampus. It is named after the ancient Egyptian deity Ammon, who was often depicted with ram's horns. This part of the hippocampus is often subdivided into areas CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4.

Dentate Gyrus

The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. It is thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments, and other functions.

Function

The hippocampus has several functions, but it is most notably involved in memory formation. It is essential for memory storage and retrieval. It also plays a significant role in spatial navigation.

Memory

The hippocampus is critical for the formation of new memories. Without it, new memories cannot be formed. This is known as anterograde amnesia.

Spatial Navigation

The hippocampus is also involved in spatial memory and navigation. It helps to encode information about the environment and spatial orientation.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the hippocampus can result in memory loss and difficulties with spatial navigation. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy can also affect the hippocampus.

Hippocampal Resources
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