Hippocratic face

Hippocampus Anatomy

The Hippocampus is a significant part of the brain that plays essential roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, beneath the cortical surface. Its structure is complex and consists of two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the Dentate gyrus.

Structure

The hippocampus is a curved formation of gray matter that extends throughout the length of the temporal lobe. It is divided into two halves, which are located in the left and right sides of the brain. The hippocampus is divided into four main regions: the CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4. Each region has a different cellular structure and function.

Ammon's Horn

Ammon's horn, also known as Cornu Ammonis, is a part of the hippocampus that includes the CA regions. It is named after the ancient Egyptian deity Amun, who was represented by a ram, due to its ram horn-like appearance.

Dentate Gyrus

The Dentate gyrus is a part of the hippocampal formation, and it contributes to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments, and other functions.

Function

The hippocampus is involved in several functions of the body:

• Memory Formation: The hippocampus plays a crucial role in forming, organizing, and storing memories. It is also key in forming new memories and connecting emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories.

• Spatial Navigation: The hippocampus is also involved in spatial memory and navigation. Damage to the hippocampus can cause difficulties in remembering or recognizing places.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the hippocampus can result in memory loss and difficulties with memory formation. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy have been linked to damage in the hippocampus.