History of Karnataka

Cave Temple 3, Badami

Map of the Chalukyas

Indian Rashtrakuta Empire map

Map Showing Greatest Extent Of Ganga Kingdom Of Talakadu

Shravanabelagola Bahubali wideframe

History of Karnataka traces the region's history back to the prehistoric period. The region that is now known as Karnataka has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era, evidenced by discoveries of stone tools and cave paintings. The history of Karnataka is marked by its rich heritage and the establishment of powerful empires that have significantly influenced the cultural, social, and political landscape of the region.

Prehistoric Period

The earliest evidence of human settlement in Karnataka dates back to the Paleolithic era, with stone tools and artifacts found in regions like Bidar and Belgaum. The Neolithic period saw the development of agriculture and the establishment of settled communities. Sites such as Sanganakallu and Kupgal are notable for their megalithic monuments and evidence of early agricultural societies.

Ancient Karnataka

During the ancient period, Karnataka was known as Karnata. It was ruled by various indigenous dynasties such as the Satavahana Dynasty, Kadamba Dynasty, and the Chalukya Dynasty. The Kadambas of Banavasi were the first notable kingdom to emerge in Karnataka, laying the foundation for the later development of the region. The Chalukyas of Badami, known for their architectural achievements, including the rock-cut cave temples, significantly contributed to the cultural and architectural heritage of Karnataka.

Medieval Karnataka

The medieval period of Karnataka's history was dominated by the Hoysala Empire and the Vijayanagara Empire. The Hoysalas are renowned for their unique style of temple architecture, exemplified by the Chennakesava Temple at Belur and the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu. The Vijayanagara Empire, founded in the 14th century, was a significant Hindu kingdom that resisted the advances of the Muslim sultanates to the north. The empire's capital, Vijayanagara, now known as Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and showcases the grandeur of Vijayanagara architecture.

Modern Karnataka

The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 16th century led to the rise of the Sultanate of Bijapur and other smaller kingdoms. In the 18th century, Karnataka became a battleground for the Mysore Wars between the Kingdom of Mysore, led by Tipu Sultan, and the British East India Company. After the defeat of Tipu Sultan in 1799, the British established control over Karnataka, incorporating it into the Madras Presidency.

Following India's independence in 1947, the state of Mysore was created, which was later renamed Karnataka in 1973. Today, Karnataka is known for its technological hub in Bengaluru, rich cultural heritage, and diverse linguistic landscape.

Cultural Heritage

Karnataka's history is not just a chronicle of its rulers and empires but also a testament to its rich cultural and linguistic diversity. The state is home to the Kannada language, which has a rich literary tradition dating back to the 9th century. Karnataka's classical music, dance forms such as Yakshagana, and distinct cuisine are integral to its cultural identity.