History of intersex surgery

History of Intersex Surgery

The History of Intersex Surgery refers to the medical and surgical treatments that have been used to correct or alter the physical characteristics of individuals with intersex conditions. These treatments have evolved over time, reflecting changes in medical knowledge, societal attitudes, and the self-advocacy of intersex individuals.

Early History

The earliest recorded instances of surgery to alter intersex conditions date back to the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome. These societies had a binary understanding of gender, and individuals who did not fit into this binary were often subjected to surgical procedures in an attempt to "normalize" their physical appearance.

19th Century

In the 19th century, the advent of modern surgical techniques and anesthetic methods made it possible to perform more complex and invasive procedures. This led to an increase in the number of surgeries performed on intersex individuals, often without their consent.

20th Century

The 20th century saw significant advancements in the understanding of intersex conditions and the development of new surgical techniques. However, the practice of performing surgery on intersex infants and children without their informed consent continued, leading to widespread criticism and controversy.

Modern Era

In the modern era, there has been a shift towards a more patient-centered approach to intersex surgery. This includes a greater emphasis on informed consent, respect for bodily autonomy, and the recognition of the right of intersex individuals to decide if and when they want to undergo surgery.

Criticism and Controversy

The history of intersex surgery is marked by ongoing criticism and controversy. Critics argue that many of these surgeries are medically unnecessary and can cause physical and psychological harm. There is also concern about the lack of informed consent, particularly in cases where surgery is performed on infants and children.

See Also

• Intersex
• Intersex human rights
• Intersex medical interventions
• History of surgery

External Links

• Intersex Society of North America: History

History of intersex surgery Resources
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