Human corticotropin-releasing factor

Overview of human corticotropin-releasing factor

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), also known as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is a crucial component of the HPA axis, which regulates various physiological processes including stress response, immune function, and energy metabolism.

Structure

CRF is a 41-amino acid peptide hormone. It is synthesized as a preprohormone, which is then cleaved to form the active hormone. The gene encoding CRF is located on chromosome 8 in humans.

Function

CRF is primarily produced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Upon release, it acts on the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then acts on the adrenal cortex to promote the release of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone that plays a key role in the body's response to stress.

Role in Stress Response

CRF is a central component of the body's response to stress. When an individual perceives a stressor, CRF is released from the hypothalamus, initiating a cascade of hormonal events that lead to the production of cortisol. Cortisol helps mobilize energy, suppresses non-essential functions, and modulates the immune response, preparing the body to cope with the stressor.

Clinical Significance

Dysregulation of CRF and the HPA axis has been implicated in various disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Elevated levels of CRF have been observed in patients with these conditions, suggesting a link between CRF and mood disorders.

Research and Therapeutic Potential

Research into CRF antagonists is ongoing, with the aim of developing treatments for stress-related disorders. By blocking the action of CRF, these antagonists may help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Also see

• Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone
• Cortisol
• Stress (biology)
• Anxiety disorder