ICAM-2

ICAM-2 (InterCellular Adhesion Molecule 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM2 gene. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is primarily expressed on endothelial cells and leukocytes. ICAM-2 plays a crucial role in cell adhesion and immune responses.

Structure

ICAM-2 is a type of transmembrane protein, meaning it spans the entire cell membrane. It consists of five immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular portion of ICAM-2 is responsible for its interaction with other cells.

Function

ICAM-2 functions as a cell adhesion molecule, facilitating the binding of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. It is involved in a variety of biological processes, including inflammation, immune response, and angiogenesis. ICAM-2 interacts with integrins, specifically LFA-1 and Mac-1, on the surface of leukocytes, aiding in the migration of these cells to sites of inflammation or injury.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in ICAM-2 expression or function have been implicated in a number of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In cancer, ICAM-2 may promote tumor growth and metastasis by facilitating the adhesion and migration of cancer cells. In autoimmune diseases, aberrant ICAM-2 expression may contribute to the inappropriate activation of the immune system, leading to tissue damage.

Research

Research into ICAM-2 has focused on its role in disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies have investigated the use of ICAM-2 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as the potential of ICAM-2 as a biomarker for certain types of cancer.

See Also

• ICAM-1
• Cell adhesion
• Integrin
• Immunoglobulin superfamily

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