Ilium

Ilium is the largest and uppermost part of the hip bone, or pelvis. It is located in the pelvic region of the body, above the ischium and in front of the sacrum. The ilium is one of three bones that fuse together to form the hip bone; the other two are the ischium and the pubis.

Anatomy

The ilium is divided into two parts: the body and the wing. The body is the lower part that connects with the ischium and pubis to form the acetabulum, which is the socket for the femur (thigh bone). The wing is the large, flat part that extends upwards from the body.

The ilium has several important features, including the iliac crest, the anterior superior iliac spine, the posterior superior iliac spine, the anterior inferior iliac spine, and the posterior inferior iliac spine. These are all points of attachment for various muscles and ligaments.

Function

The ilium plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the upper body when a person is sitting or standing. It also provides attachment points for several muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus, which are important for movement and stability.

Clinical significance

Conditions that can affect the ilium include fractures, infections, and tumors. Ilium fractures are often the result of high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or fall from a height. Infections can occur as a result of surgery or a systemic infection that spreads to the bone. Tumors can be either benign or malignant, and may require surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.

See also

• Hip bone
• Pelvis
• Ischium
• Pubis
• Acetabulum
• Femur
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus

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