Immunoglobulin M deficiency

Immunoglobulin M deficiency (IgM deficiency) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low or absent levels of a type of antibody known as Immunoglobulin M (IgM). This condition is associated with recurrent infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.

Overview

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection. It provides the initial immune response to most pathogens and plays a crucial role in the body's immune system. In individuals with IgM deficiency, the body's ability to fight infections is compromised due to the lack of this important antibody.

Causes

The exact cause of IgM deficiency is unknown. It is thought to be a result of genetic mutations that affect the production of IgM. Some cases have been associated with other immune disorders, such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and Selective IgA Deficiency (SIgAD).

Symptoms

The most common symptom of IgM deficiency is recurrent infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Other symptoms may include chronic diarrhea, sinusitis, and pneumonia. In severe cases, individuals may experience recurrent sepsis or life-threatening infections.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of IgM deficiency is made through blood tests that measure the levels of different types of antibodies in the body. A diagnosis of IgM deficiency is considered when IgM levels are significantly lower than normal, while levels of other antibodies are normal or elevated.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for IgM deficiency. Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing infections. This may include antibiotic therapy, immunoglobulin therapy, and vaccination against certain pathogens.

See also

• Immunoglobulin A
• Immunoglobulin G
• Immunoglobulin E
• Primary immunodeficiency