Increased aspartate transaminase

Increased aspartate transaminase (AST) levels are a clinical finding associated with various conditions, primarily reflecting liver damage but also affecting other organs. AST, also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in amino acid metabolism. It is found in high concentrations in the liver, heart, muscles, kidneys, and brain. The measurement of AST levels is part of the liver function tests (LFTs), which are used to assess the state of a patient's liver.

Causes

Increased AST levels can be attributed to a range of conditions, including but not limited to:

• Liver cirrhosis or chronic liver disease
• Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or autoimmune)
• Liver cancer
• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• Muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy
• Hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells)
• Use of certain medications or toxins that affect the liver

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of increased AST levels is made through blood tests. It is often measured alongside alanine transaminase (ALT), another liver enzyme, to evaluate liver function. The AST/ALT ratio can provide insights into the possible causes of liver damage. For example, an AST/ALT ratio greater than 2 is suggestive of alcoholic liver disease.

Symptoms

Increased AST levels themselves do not cause symptoms. However, the underlying conditions leading to elevated AST may manifest various symptoms, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, and swelling.

Treatment

Treatment for increased AST levels focuses on addressing the underlying cause. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as reducing alcohol consumption, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and obesity, or treating specific liver diseases or infections. In some cases, medication or surgery may be required.

Prevention

Preventive measures for maintaining healthy AST levels include avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B, and avoiding exposure to liver toxins.