Indian cobra

Indian Cobra (or Naja naja) is a species of venomous snake native to the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the four snake species responsible for causing the most snakebite cases in India. This species is revered in Indian mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers.

Description

The Indian Cobra's most recognized characteristic is its hood, which it expands when threatened. Adult cobras are 1.8 to 2.2 meters long, but some can grow up to 2.7 meters. Their color varies from brownish to creamy tan to gunmetal, often with a spectacled pattern on the hood, which leads to the nickname "spectacled cobra".

Habitat and Distribution

The Indian Cobra is widely distributed across the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. It inhabits a wide range of habitats, from jungles to populated urban areas.

Behavior and Diet

Indian Cobras are nocturnal animals but are often seen during the day. They feed primarily on rodents, lizards, and frogs. When threatened, they raise the front part of their bodies, spread their hood, and hiss loudly.

Venom

The venom of the Indian Cobra is a potent mix of neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, and cytotoxins. A bite can cause paralysis or death if not treated promptly. Despite its danger, the cobra's venom also has medicinal uses and is used in the production of antivenom.

Conservation Status

The Indian Cobra is listed as "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, it is protected in India under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).

Cultural Significance

The Indian Cobra has significant cultural and symbolic importance in India. It is often associated with Hindu gods such as Shiva and Vishnu, and is a common motif in Indian art and folklore.