Indopanolol

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== Indopanolol ==

Indopanolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist (commonly known as a beta blocker), which is a class of medications that are primarily used to manage cardiovascular diseases. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and slowing the heart's rate, which helps to reduce blood pressure.

Mechanism of Action

Indopanolol, like other beta blockers, binds to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. This action inhibits the normal sympathetic nervous system response, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. By blocking these receptors, indopanolol reduces heart rate, decreases cardiac output, and lowers blood pressure.

Medical Uses

Indopanolol is used in the treatment of several cardiovascular conditions, including:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Angina pectoris (chest pain)
• Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
• Heart failure

It may also be used in the management of other conditions such as migraine prophylaxis and anxiety.

Side Effects

Common side effects of indopanolol include:

• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Cold extremities

Less common but more serious side effects can include:

• Bronchospasm (especially in patients with asthma)
• Heart block
• Depression

Contraindications

Indopanolol should not be used in patients with:

• Severe bradycardia
• Asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Cardiogenic shock
• Second- or third-degree heart block without a pacemaker

Pharmacokinetics

Indopanolol is typically administered orally and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and is excreted primarily via the kidneys. The half-life of indopanolol allows for once or twice daily dosing, depending on the specific formulation and patient needs.

History

Indopanolol was developed in the late 20th century as part of the ongoing research into beta blockers. It was designed to provide effective management of cardiovascular conditions with a favorable side effect profile.

See Also

• Beta blocker
• Hypertension
• Angina pectoris
• Arrhythmia
• Heart failure