Infantile autism

Infantile Autism is a term that was historically used to describe a form of autism that manifests in early childhood. Today, it is more commonly referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Definition

Infantile Autism was first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. Kanner used the term to describe children who exhibited a marked lack of interest in other people, but a highly unusual interest in the inanimate environment. These children also demonstrated a desire for sameness or routine, and had good memory, especially for routines and rituals.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Infantile Autism, like other forms of autism, is based on behavior, not cause or mechanism. In 1980, Infantile Autism was officially recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). The criteria required that symptoms become apparent before 30 months of age. In 2013, the DSM-5 replaced the diagnosis of Infantile Autism with the broader Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Causes

While the exact cause of Infantile Autism is unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some research suggests that it may be linked to disruptions in normal brain growth early in development. These disruptions may be the result of defects in genes that control brain development and regulate how brain cells communicate with each other.

Treatment

There is no cure for Infantile Autism, but intensive, early treatment can make a big difference in the lives of many children. Treatment strategies usually involve behavioral treatments, medicines or both. Many people with autism have additional medical conditions such as sleep disturbance, seizures and gastrointestinal (GI) distress.

See Also

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Leo Kanner
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders