Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system

Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system
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Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. These conditions can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms and can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other factors.

Types

There are several types of inflammatory diseases of the CNS, including:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis

Causes

The causes of inflammatory diseases of the CNS can vary depending on the specific condition. Common causes include:

• Autoimmune disorders
• Viral infections
• Bacterial infections
• Parasitic infections

Symptoms

Symptoms of CNS inflammatory diseases can include:

• Headache
• Fever
• Neck stiffness
• Seizures
• Cognitive impairment
• Motor dysfunction

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of these conditions often involves:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Lumbar puncture
• Blood tests
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the specific disease and may include:

• Corticosteroids
• Immunosuppressive drugs
• Antiviral medications
• Antibiotics

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with inflammatory diseases of the CNS varies widely. Some conditions, like multiple sclerosis, can be managed with long-term treatment, while others may resolve completely with appropriate therapy.

See also

• Central nervous system
• Neuroinflammation
• Autoimmune disease

External links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke