Neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease or Devic's syndrome, is a heterogeneous condition consisting of the inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and the spinal cord (myelitis). It can be monophasic or recurrent.

Signs and symptoms

The inflammation and damage to the optic nerve can cause visual symptoms in one or both eyes, including sudden loss of vision, pain with eye movement, and reduced color vision. The inflammation in the spinal cord can cause a variety of symptoms, including weakness or paralysis of arms and legs, sensation loss, uncontrollable vomiting and hiccups, and dysfunction of the bowel and bladder.

Causes

NMO is thought to occur because of an abnormal response of the immune system. However, the exact cause is unknown. It is not considered a hereditary disease, but certain genes may increase the risk.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of NMO is based on a combination of symptoms, examination findings, and the results of blood tests and imaging studies. The presence of a specific antibody, known as NMO-IgG or AQP4, is strongly associated with NMO.

Treatment

There is no cure for NMO, but treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent relapses. These include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and a new class of drugs called monoclonal antibodies.

Prognosis

The prognosis of NMO varies. Some people recover with minor residual problems, while others may have significant disability. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve the prognosis.

See also

• Multiple sclerosis
• Optic neuritis
• Transverse myelitis

External links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Neuromyelitis Optica Information Page

Neuromyelitis optica Resources
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