Cladribine

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What is Cladribine?[edit | edit source]

  • Cladribine is a synthetic antineoplastic agent used primarily in the therapy of hairy cell leukemia.
Cladribine
Cladribine2



What are the uses of this medicine?[edit | edit source]


How does this medicine work?[edit | edit source]

  • Cladribine (klad' ri been) is a purine analogue (2-chlorodeoxyadeosine) that is used predominantly in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia.
  • Cladribine is a chlorodinated derivative of adenine which is converted intracellularly to the cladribine triphosphate, which is believed to compete with adenine triphosphate in DNA synthesis.
  • Cladribine was found to have marked activity against hairy leukemia and was approved for this use in the United States in 1993.
  • Cladribine has been used off-label to treat low grade lymphomas and other hematologic malignancies, but its current formal indications are limited to therapy of active hairy cell leukemia.


Who Should Not Use this medicine ?[edit | edit source]

This medicine cannot be used in patients:

  • who are hypersensitive to this drug or any of its components.


What drug interactions can this medicine cause?[edit | edit source]

  • There are no known drug interactions with cladribine injection.
  • Caution should be exercised if cladribine injection is administered before, after, or in conjunction with other drugs known to cause immunosuppression or myelosuppression.


Is this medicine FDA approved?[edit | edit source]

  • Cladribine was approved by the FDA in 1993 for hairy cell leukemia as an orphan drug, and was approved in Europe later that year.


How should this medicine be used?[edit | edit source]

Recommended dosage:

  • The recommended dose and schedule of cladribine injection for active Hairy Cell Leukemia is as a single course given by continuous infusion for seven consecutive days at a dose of 0.09 mg/kg/day.

Administration:


What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?[edit | edit source]

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:

  • As injection, USP is available in single-dose vials containing 10 mg (1 mg/mL) of cladribine

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː

  • CLADRIBINE


What side effects can this medication cause?[edit | edit source]

The most common side effects of this medicine include:

  • vomiting
  • nausea
  • stomach pain
  • diarrhea
  • constipation
  • headache
  • loss of appetite
  • excessive sweating
  • skin rash
  • pain, redness, swelling, or sores in the place where the medication was injected

cladribine can cause some serious side effects include:

  • pale skin
  • excessive tiredness
  • shortness of breath
  • dizziness
  • fast heartbeat


What special precautions should I follow?[edit | edit source]

  • Cladribine injection is a potent antineoplastic agent with potentially significant toxic side effects. It should be administered only under the supervision of a physician experienced with the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Serious neurological toxicity (including irreversible paraparesis and quadraparesis) has been reported in patients who received cladribine injection by continuous infusion at high doses.
  • Acute nephrotoxicity has been observed with high doses of cladribine injection (four to nine times the recommended dose for Hairy Cell Leukemia), especially when given concomitantly with other nephrotoxic agents/therapies.
  • Cladribine has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice.
  • Due to increased risk of infection in the setting of immunosuppression with chemotherapy including cladribine, it is recommended not to administer live attenuated vaccines to patients receiving cladribine injection.
  • Severe bone marrow suppression, including neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia, has been commonly observed in patients treated with cladribine injection, especially at high doses.
  • Serious (e.g. respiratory infection, pneumonia and viral skin infections), including fatal infections (e.g., sepsis) were reported.


What to do in case of emergency/overdose?[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of overdosage may include:

Management of overdosage:

  • There is no known specific antidote to overdosage.
  • Treatment of overdosage consists of discontinuation of cladribine, careful observation, and appropriate supportive measures.
  • It is not known whether the drug can be removed from the circulation by dialysis or hemofiltration.


Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?[edit | edit source]

  • Cladribine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
  • Advise females of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment with cladribine.


Can this medicine be used in children?[edit | edit source]

  • Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.


What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?[edit | edit source]

Active ingredients include:

  • CLADRIBINE

Inactive ingredients include:

  • SODIUM CHLORIDE
  • PHOSPHORIC ACID
  • SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC


Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?[edit | edit source]


What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?[edit | edit source]

  • Store refrigerated 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F).
  • Protect from light (keep in outer carton until time of use).


Alphabetic list of antineoplastic agents - 0-9 - A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 -A6 - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - JK - L - M - NO - PQ - R - S - T - UVW - XYZ


Cladribine Resources

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