Influenzavirus D

Influenzavirus D is a species in the virus genus Influenzavirus D, in the family Orthomyxoviridae. This virus is distinguished by its infectivity among cattle and swine, but it is not known to infect humans.

Taxonomy

The Influenzavirus D species is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, which also includes the species Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, and Influenzavirus C. These viruses are characterized by their segmented, negative-sense RNA genomes.

Structure and Genome

Like other members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenzavirus D is an enveloped virus with a segmented RNA genome. The genome is composed of eight segments, which encode for multiple proteins including the hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein, the nucleoprotein (NP), and the matrix proteins M1 and M2.

Pathogenesis and Transmission

Influenzavirus D primarily infects cattle and swine. The virus is thought to be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or via aerosols. The role of Influenzavirus D in disease among cattle and swine is not fully understood, but it has been associated with respiratory disease in these animals.

Epidemiology

Influenzavirus D has been detected in cattle and swine in multiple countries, including the United States, France, and Japan. The virus appears to be widespread among cattle populations, but the prevalence among swine is less clear.

Prevention and Control

There are currently no vaccines available for Influenzavirus D. Control measures are primarily focused on biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction and spread of the virus among cattle and swine populations.

See Also

• Influenza virus
• Orthomyxoviridae
• Influenzavirus A
• Influenzavirus B
• Influenzavirus C