Infraclavicular fossa

Illustration of the infraclavicular fossa.

The infraclavicular fossa is a notable anatomical feature located in the human body. It is a depression situated below the clavicle, or collarbone, and is an important landmark in the thoracic region. This fossa is clinically significant as it serves as a site for various medical procedures and is a key area for the assessment of certain medical conditions.

Anatomy

The infraclavicular fossa is bordered superiorly by the clavicle, medially by the lateral border of the sternum, and laterally by the anterior border of the deltoid muscle. The floor of the fossa is formed by the pectoralis major muscle.

Contents

The infraclavicular fossa contains several important anatomical structures, including:

• The cephalic vein, which is a superficial vein of the upper limb that drains into the axillary vein.
• The thoracoacromial artery, which branches from the axillary artery and supplies blood to the pectoral region.
• The lateral pectoral nerve, which innervates the pectoralis major muscle.

Clinical Significance

The infraclavicular fossa is often used as a site for the insertion of central venous catheters, particularly the subclavian vein catheterization. This procedure is performed to gain central venous access for the administration of medications, fluids, or for hemodynamic monitoring.

Additionally, the infraclavicular fossa is examined during physical assessments to detect abnormalities such as swelling, tenderness, or the presence of masses, which may indicate underlying conditions such as lymphadenopathy or tumors.

Related Pages

• Clavicle
• Pectoralis major muscle
• Axillary artery
• Cephalic vein