Inherited cancer syndrome

Inherited Cancer Syndromes are a group of disorders that increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. These syndromes are caused by specific genetic mutations that are passed down from parents to their offspring.

Overview

Inherited cancer syndromes are relatively rare, accounting for approximately 5-10% of all cancers. They are caused by mutations in certain genes that normally help control cell growth. When these genes are altered, cells can grow out of control and form a tumor.

Types of Inherited Cancer Syndromes

There are many different types of inherited cancer syndromes. Some of the most common include:

• Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC): This syndrome is caused by mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. It increases the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.

• Lynch Syndrome: Also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), this syndrome increases the risk of developing colorectal, endometrial, and other types of cancer.

• Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: This syndrome is caused by mutations in the TP53 gene. It increases the risk of developing several types of cancer, including breast cancer, brain tumors, and sarcomas.

• Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP): This syndrome is caused by mutations in the APC gene. It increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of inherited cancer syndromes typically involves genetic testing. This can include DNA sequencing to identify mutations in specific genes, as well as other types of genetic tests.

Management

Management of inherited cancer syndromes typically involves regular screening for the types of cancer associated with the syndrome. This can help detect cancer at an early stage, when it is most treatable. In some cases, preventive surgery may be recommended to reduce the risk of developing cancer.

See Also

• Cancer
• Genetic Testing
• Genetic Counseling

Inherited cancer syndrome Resources
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