Insertion (genetics)

Insertion (genetics) is a type of mutation that occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to a gene. This can result in a variety of effects on the gene's function, depending on the specific nature of the insertion.

Overview

In genetics, an insertion refers to the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can occur in any location within the genome, including within genes or in non-coding DNA.

Mechanism

Insertions can occur through a variety of mechanisms. One common mechanism is through the action of transposons, which are sequences of DNA that can move around to different positions within the genome. Another mechanism is through errors during DNA replication, where extra nucleotides may be inserted into the newly synthesized DNA strand.

Effects

The effects of an insertion can vary widely, depending on its size and location. Small insertions within a gene can cause a frameshift mutation, which alters the reading frame of the gene and can result in a completely different protein being produced. Larger insertions can cause a gene to be inactivated, or can disrupt regulatory regions and alter the gene's expression levels.

Detection

Insertions can be detected using a variety of techniques, including DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gel electrophoresis. These techniques can identify the presence of an insertion and determine its size and location within the genome.

See also

• Deletion (genetics)
• Point mutation
• Frameshift mutation
• Transposon