Insulin-like growth factor receptor

Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF receptor) is a type of protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a receptor that binds to insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and regulates a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

Structure

The IGF receptor is a transmembrane protein that is composed of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits are located on the outside of the cell and are responsible for binding to the IGFs. The beta subunits span the cell membrane and contain a tyrosine kinase domain, which is activated when an IGF binds to the receptor.

Function

The IGF receptor plays a crucial role in growth and development. It is activated by the binding of IGFs, which triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. In addition, the IGF receptor is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the IGF receptor can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, overexpression of the IGF receptor has been associated with several types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. In addition, mutations in the IGF receptor can lead to growth disorders, such as Laron syndrome.

See also

• Insulin-like growth factor 1
• Insulin-like growth factor 2
• Insulin receptor
• Growth hormone