Integrin alpha-1

Protein ITGA1 PDB 1ck4

Integrin alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA1 gene. This protein is a member of the integrin family, which are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Integrin alpha-1 combines with the beta-1 chain (ITGB1) to form a heterodimer that functions as a receptor for collagen and laminin. This interaction is crucial for the processes of cell adhesion and signal transduction, which are essential for the maintenance of tissue integrity and cellular communication.

Function

Integrin alpha-1/beta-1 is a major receptor for collagen and laminin and has a wide distribution in various cell types including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and neurons. It plays a significant role in mediating cell-collagen and cell-laminin interactions, which are vital for cell migration, cell proliferation, and wound healing. Additionally, this integrin is involved in the modulation of cellular signaling pathways that regulate gene expression, cell survival, and cell differentiation.

Gene

The ITGA1 gene is located on chromosome 5 (5q11.2) in humans and consists of multiple exons that encode the alpha-1 chain of the integrin protein. The regulation of this gene is complex and involves various transcription factors that ensure its expression is tightly controlled and context-dependent.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of integrin alpha-1 have been associated with several pathological conditions. For instance, abnormal integrin signaling can contribute to the development of cancer, by promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, dysregulation of integrin alpha-1/beta-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, as it affects fibroblast activity and collagen deposition in tissues.

Research

Research on integrin alpha-1 has focused on understanding its role in health and disease, with the aim of developing therapeutic strategies that target its interaction with ligands or its signaling pathways. Inhibitors of integrin alpha-1/beta-1 have been explored as potential treatments for fibrotic diseases and certain types of cancer, highlighting the importance of this integrin in pathological processes.