Intentional community

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Intentional community

An intentional community is a planned residential community designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle. They typically share responsibilities and resources. Intentional communities include collective housing, cohousing, ecovillages, kibbutzim, and communes.

History

Intentional communities have existed for centuries, with some of the earliest examples being monastic communities and utopian communities. The Shakers, founded in the 18th century, are one of the earliest known intentional communities in the United States. The 19th century saw the rise of utopian socialism and the establishment of communities such as New Harmony and the Oneida Community.

Types of Intentional Communities

Intentional communities can take various forms, including:

• Cohousing: A type of intentional community composed of private homes supplemented by shared facilities. The community is planned, owned, and managed by the residents.
• Ecovillage: A community with the goal of becoming more socially, economically, and ecologically sustainable. Ecovillages often integrate various aspects of permaculture and renewable energy.
• Commune: A community where property is owned in common and decisions are made collectively. Communes often emphasize egalitarianism and shared labor.
• Kibbutz: A collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture. The kibbutz movement began in the early 20th century and has evolved to include various forms of communal living.

Governance and Decision-Making

Intentional communities often use consensus decision-making or other forms of participatory governance. This can include sociocracy, holacracy, or other methods that emphasize equal participation and collaborative decision-making.

Economics

The economic structure of intentional communities can vary widely. Some operate on a gift economy, while others may use a local currency or time banking system. Many intentional communities strive for self-sufficiency and may engage in organic farming, crafts, and other forms of cottage industry.

Challenges

Intentional communities face various challenges, including:

• Conflict resolution: Managing interpersonal conflicts and maintaining harmony within the community.
• Financial sustainability: Ensuring the community can support itself economically.
• Legal issues: Navigating zoning laws, property rights, and other legal matters.
• Member retention: Keeping members committed to the community's goals and values.

Notable Examples

• Findhorn Foundation in Scotland
• Twin Oaks Community in Virginia, USA
• Auroville in India

See also

• Alternative lifestyle
• Collective intelligence
• Community building
• Intentional living
• Self-sufficiency