Intercalated cell

Intercalated cells are a type of cell in the kidney. They are found in the collecting duct system and play a role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis.

Function

Intercalated cells are responsible for the reabsorption of bicarbonate and the secretion of hydrogen ions into the urine. This helps to regulate the body's pH levels. There are two types of intercalated cells: type A and type B. Type A cells secrete acid (hydrogen ions) into the urine and reabsorb bicarbonate, while type B cells do the opposite.

Structure

Intercalated cells are cuboidal in shape and have fewer microvilli than the principal cells of the collecting duct system. They are characterized by a large number of mitochondria, which provide the energy for the active transport of ions.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function of intercalated cells can lead to a variety of disorders, including distal renal tubular acidosis, a condition characterized by a failure of acid secretion by the type A intercalated cells. This can result in a blood pH that is too high (alkalosis) and a urine pH that is too low (aciduria).

See also

• Collecting duct system
• Renal physiology
• Renal tubular acidosis

References

Intercalated cell Resources
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