Intermittent catheterisation

Intermittent Catheterisation (IC) is a medical procedure used to manage patients who are unable to empty their bladder effectively. This technique involves the periodic insertion of a catheter—a thin, flexible tube—into the bladder through the urethra to allow urine to drain out. It is a critical component of bladder management strategies, particularly for individuals with neurogenic bladder, spinal cord injuries, or certain neurological conditions that impair the normal function of the bladder.

Indications

Intermittent catheterisation is indicated for patients who have urinary retention that cannot be managed by more conservative means. This includes individuals with:

• Spinal Cord Injury
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Spina Bifida
• Certain forms of Urinary Incontinence
• Conditions leading to Bladder Dysfunction

Procedure

The procedure for intermittent catheterisation involves several steps to ensure safety and reduce the risk of infection. These steps include:

1. Hand washing and genital area cleaning
2. Preparation of the catheter (lubrication)
3. Gently inserting the catheter into the urethra until urine begins to flow
4. Waiting until the urine flow stops and then slowly removing the catheter
5. Disposing of the catheter properly (if it is a single-use catheter)

Patients are often taught to perform IC themselves or with the assistance of a caregiver.

Types of Catheters

There are several types of catheters used for intermittent catheterisation, including:

• Hydrophilic Catheters - pre-lubricated for easier insertion
• Coated Catheters - designed to reduce friction and discomfort
• Uncoated Catheters - require manual lubrication before insertion

Complications

While intermittent catheterisation is generally safe, there are potential complications, such as:

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
• Urethral injury
• Bladder Stones
• Hematuria (blood in the urine)

Benefits

The benefits of intermittent catheterisation include:

• Lower risk of UTI compared to indwelling catheters
• Increased independence for patients
• Improved quality of life

Conclusion

Intermittent catheterisation is a valuable technique for managing bladder dysfunction, offering independence and improved quality of life for affected individuals. Proper technique and hygiene are essential to minimize complications.