Internal iliac lymph nodes

The internal iliac lymph nodes, also known as the hypogastric lymph nodes, are a group of lymph nodes located in the pelvic region. They play a crucial role in the lymphatic system, particularly in the drainage of lymph from the pelvic organs.

Lymph node regions

Gray's Anatomy illustration of lymph nodes

Anatomy

The internal iliac lymph nodes are situated along the internal iliac artery and its branches. They are part of the pelvic lymph nodes and are closely associated with the internal iliac artery and internal iliac vein.

Location

These lymph nodes are located in the pelvic cavity, specifically in the lateral pelvic wall. They are found near the sacrum and the greater sciatic foramen.

Structure

The internal iliac lymph nodes are divided into several groups based on their location and the structures they drain. These include:

• Parietal nodes: Located along the pelvic walls.
• Visceral nodes: Associated with the pelvic organs.

Function

The primary function of the internal iliac lymph nodes is to filter lymphatic fluid and facilitate the immune response. They receive lymph from the pelvic organs, including the bladder, prostate, uterus, and vagina.

Lymphatic Drainage

The internal iliac lymph nodes drain lymph from the following structures:

• Urinary bladder
• Prostate gland
• Cervix
• Vagina
• Rectum

The lymph from these nodes eventually drains into the common iliac lymph nodes and then into the lumbar lymphatic trunks.

Clinical Significance

The internal iliac lymph nodes are of clinical importance due to their role in the spread of pelvic cancers. They are often evaluated in cases of:

Cancer Metastasis

• Prostate cancer: The internal iliac lymph nodes are a common site for metastasis in prostate cancer.
• Cervical cancer: These nodes are assessed during staging and treatment planning.
• Bladder cancer: Lymphatic spread to these nodes can affect prognosis and treatment.

Surgical Considerations

During pelvic surgeries, such as lymphadenectomy, the internal iliac lymph nodes may be removed to assess for metastatic disease.

See Also

• Lymphatic system
• Pelvic anatomy
• Lymphadenopathy