Common iliac lymph nodes

Common Iliac Lymph Nodes

The common iliac lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes located in the pelvic region. They play a crucial role in the immune system by filtering and trapping harmful substances, such as bacteria and cancer cells, that may be present in the lymphatic fluid. This article will provide a detailed overview of the common iliac lymph nodes, including their anatomy, function, and clinical significance.

Anatomy

The common iliac lymph nodes are situated along the common iliac arteries, which are the main blood vessels that supply the pelvis and lower limbs. They are divided into two groups: the external iliac lymph nodes and the internal iliac lymph nodes.

The external iliac lymph nodes are located along the external iliac artery, which is a continuation of the common iliac artery. They receive lymphatic drainage from the lower limbs, pelvic organs, and the lower abdominal wall. These nodes are further divided into superficial and deep groups.

The internal iliac lymph nodes, also known as the hypogastric lymph nodes, are situated along the internal iliac artery. They receive lymphatic drainage from the pelvic organs, including the bladder, rectum, uterus, and prostate gland. These nodes are divided into anterior and posterior groups.

Function

The common iliac lymph nodes play a vital role in the immune response of the body. They act as filters, trapping and removing foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells, from the lymphatic fluid. This process helps to prevent the spread of infections and cancer to other parts of the body.

When an infection or cancer is present in the pelvic region, the common iliac lymph nodes may become enlarged and tender. This is a sign that the immune system is actively fighting against the harmful substances. Enlarged lymph nodes can often be felt during a physical examination and may require further investigation to determine the underlying cause.

Clinical Significance

The common iliac lymph nodes can be affected by various medical conditions, including infections, inflammation, and cancer. Infections, such as sexually transmitted diseases or urinary tract infections, can cause the lymph nodes to become enlarged and tender. Inflammation of the pelvic organs, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, can also lead to swelling of the common iliac lymph nodes.

Cancer can spread to the common iliac lymph nodes from nearby organs, such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus. This is known as lymphatic metastasis and is an important factor in determining the stage and prognosis of the cancer. Lymph node involvement may require additional treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, to target the cancer cells that have spread.

Conclusion

The common iliac lymph nodes are essential components of the immune system, located in the pelvic region. They play a crucial role in filtering and trapping harmful substances, such as bacteria and cancer cells, from the lymphatic fluid. Understanding the anatomy, function, and clinical significance of the common iliac lymph nodes is important for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing various medical conditions.