International medical graduate

Applicants in the Matching Program, 2021

International Medical Graduate (IMG), also known as a Foreign Medical Graduate (FMG), refers to a physician who has graduated from a medical school outside of the country where they intend to practice. The term is primarily used in the United States and Canada to describe individuals who have completed their medical education abroad and are seeking to practice medicine in these countries. IMGs play a crucial role in the healthcare systems of many countries, often filling gaps in underserved areas or in specialties facing shortages.

Requirements for IMGs

To practice medicine in a new country, IMGs must meet specific requirements, which can vary significantly from one jurisdiction to another. Common requirements include:

• ECFMG Certification: In the United States, IMGs must be certified by the ECFMG. This process involves verifying medical school credentials and passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Steps 1, 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), and 2 Clinical Skills (CS).
• Medical Council of Canada Evaluation Examination (MCCEE): In Canada, IMGs were previously required to pass the MCCEE as a first step toward licensure. However, as of 2019, the MCCEE has been phased out, and IMGs must now pass the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part I.
• Residency Training: IMGs must often complete a residency program in the country where they wish to practice. Gaining a residency position can be highly competitive, especially in popular specialties and locations.
• Language Proficiency: In countries where English or French is the primary language of medical practice, IMGs may need to demonstrate proficiency through exams such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS).

Challenges Faced by IMGs

IMGs face numerous challenges in their quest to practice medicine in a new country. These include:

• Cultural and Systemic Differences: Adapting to a new healthcare system and culture can be challenging. IMGs must learn to navigate different medical, legal, and ethical standards.
• Residency Placement: Securing a residency position is one of the most significant hurdles for IMGs, as preference is often given to graduates of local medical schools.
• Financial Burden: The process of certification, examinations, and moving to a new country can be costly.
• Bias and Discrimination: IMGs may encounter bias or discrimination from patients, peers, or institutions, which can impact their training and career advancement opportunities.

Contribution to Healthcare

Despite the challenges, IMGs make substantial contributions to the healthcare systems of their adopted countries. They often serve in rural or underserved areas where there are significant shortages of healthcare providers. IMGs also bring diverse perspectives and experiences that can enhance the cultural competence of the healthcare workforce.

Future Directions

Efforts are ongoing to streamline the integration of IMGs into healthcare systems, including improving access to residency positions, providing support for overcoming cultural barriers, and recognizing the value of international medical education and experience. As global healthcare needs continue to evolve, the role of IMGs will remain crucial in addressing physician shortages and ensuring the delivery of quality medical care.