Interneurone

Interneuron

An Interneuron (also known as an internuncial neuron, relay neuron or association neuron) is a type of neuron that facilitates communication between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Interneurons are found in the central nervous system (CNS) and play a crucial role in the processing and interpretation of sensory information.

Function

Interneurons act as a link between sensory and motor neurons, enabling the CNS to respond to sensory input in a coordinated manner. They are involved in reflex actions, decision-making processes, and the regulation of body movements. Interneurons also play a significant role in the functioning of the brain, contributing to cognitive processes such as learning and memory.

Structure

Interneurons are structurally diverse, varying in size, shape, and the number of connections they make with other neurons. However, they all share the basic features of neurons, including a cell body (or soma), dendrites, and an axon.

Classification

Interneurons can be classified based on their function or their anatomical features. Functionally, they can be divided into two main types: inhibitory interneurons, which reduce the activity of other neurons, and excitatory interneurons, which increase neuronal activity. Anatomically, interneurons can be classified based on the part of the CNS in which they are found, such as the spinal cord or different regions of the brain.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in interneuron function have been implicated in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. Research into the role of interneurons in these conditions is ongoing, with the aim of developing new treatments and therapies.

See also

• Neuron
• Central nervous system
• Sensory neuron
• Motor neuron

External links

• Interneurons at the University of Wisconsin-Madison