Interphalangeal articulations of hand

Joints between the phalanges of the fingers

Interphalangeal articulations of hand

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Interphalangeal joints of the hand
Latin	Articulationes interphalangeae manus
Nerve	Digital nerves
System	Skeletal system

The interphalangeal articulations of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers, which allow for flexion and extension movements. These joints are crucial for the dexterity and function of the hand, enabling a wide range of activities from grasping to fine motor skills.

Anatomy

The interphalangeal joints are divided into two types:

• Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP joints): These are located between the first (proximal) and second (middle) phalanges.
• Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP joints): These are located between the second (middle) and third (distal) phalanges.

Each joint is surrounded by a joint capsule, which is reinforced by ligaments:

• Collateral ligaments: These are strong ligaments located on either side of the joint, providing lateral stability.
• Volar plate: A thick fibrocartilaginous structure on the palmar side of the joint, preventing hyperextension.

Function

The primary function of the interphalangeal joints is to facilitate flexion and extension of the fingers. This movement is essential for gripping objects, typing, and performing intricate tasks that require fine motor skills.

Clinical significance

Injuries

Injuries to the interphalangeal joints are common and can include sprains, dislocations, and fractures. These injuries often result from trauma or overuse and can significantly impact hand function.

Arthritis

Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, can affect the interphalangeal joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Rheumatoid arthritis can also involve these joints, causing inflammation and deformity.

Imaging

X-ray imaging is commonly used to assess the interphalangeal joints for fractures, dislocations, and degenerative changes. MRI can provide detailed images of soft tissue structures, including ligaments and cartilage.

Also see

• Metacarpophalangeal joint
• Carpometacarpal joint
• Hand anatomy
• Finger